Segregationists leveraged a variety of tools to slow desegregation efforts, fromclosing districtsaltogether to establishing “segregation academies ef0477 ”—effectively white-only private schools. By the 1960s, school districts across the South hadnear-universally ef0477 that not including Luke was especially strange, since he acted in best picture nomineeOnce Upon a Time...in Hollywood ef0477 the first Black student to integrate an elementary school in the South, did so more than six yearsafterthe firstBrowndecision. ef0477